IRMAA
An extra amount added to your Part B and Part D premiums if your income is above the threshold ($109K single / $218K married in 2026). Calculated from your tax return 2 years prior.
The answers I’d give if you called me on the phone right now — written down. Search what you’re looking for or browse by category below.
Free 30-minute call. No Social Security number, no banking info — just your situation and your questions.
Parts A, B, C, D — explained without the jargon.
When can you sign up, switch, or change plans?
Changing plans, appealing denials, and understanding your coverage options.
First, call me. Don't rush to pay the bill until we understand exactly why the claim was denied — but don't ignore the bill, the notice, or any deadlines listed on it.
We'll review your Explanation of Benefits, Medicare Summary Notice, or denial letter and determine whether the issue involves incorrect billing, a coding error, prior authorization, the provider network, medical necessity, or a coverage exclusion.
Most denials include instructions for filing an appeal. The deadline depends on your type of coverage and will be listed on the denial notice. I'll help you understand the decision, gather the supporting documentation, and work through the next steps.
Sometimes — but being within your first year does not automatically let you switch freely between Medicare Advantage plans at any time.
Most people can change Medicare Advantage plans during:
There are also narrower protections for some first-time Medicare Advantage enrollees. If you joined Medicare Advantage when you first became eligible for Medicare at 65, you may have a 12-month trial right that lets you leave the plan and return to Original Medicare.
New Medicare enrollees may also have a limited opportunity during their first three months of Part A and Part B to change Medicare Advantage plans or return to Original Medicare.
The exact rule depends on when and how you enrolled, so call me before making a change. We'll confirm your eligibility and make sure your doctors, your prescriptions, and your likely out-of-pocket costs are all considered before anything gets submitted.
Yes. You can generally return to Original Medicare during the Annual Enrollment Period, the Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period, or a Special Enrollment Period you qualify for.
You may also be able to return during your first 12 months if one of Medicare's trial-right protections applies:
The real issue is Medigap eligibility. Outside a protected enrollment or guaranteed-issue period, a Medigap company may use medical underwriting, charge you more, or decline your application, depending on your state and your circumstances.
When one of those trial rights applies, it may also carry a limited guaranteed-issue right to buy a Medigap policy. That protection is often what decides whether the move makes sense at all.
Do not cancel your Medicare Advantage coverage until we have confirmed your enrollment window, your prescription coverage, and your Medigap options. The order and the timing of these changes matter.
This happens, and the right answer depends on your medical needs and on when the provider left the network.
We'll first confirm whether the doctor is truly out of network, and whether the plan offers any continuity-of-care protection for treatment already underway. From there we look at two paths:
If the doctor is a critical specialist — an oncologist or a surgeon managing ongoing treatment — contact me as soon as you get the notice. Don't wait until your next appointment to start reviewing options.
What to expect, what to bring, what it costs.
Helping a parent or spouse through this.
Three ways to reach me. Pick whichever feels easiest.
Pick a time on Microsoft Teams or by phone. I'll send the link.
Schedule nowIf I miss it, leave a voicemail. I return every call same day.
(423) 991-5500Quick question? Text works. I'll get back to you that day.
Text (423) 991-5500“If your question takes ten minutes to answer, that’s ten minutes I’m glad to spend. Better you ask now than wait six months and end up in the wrong plan.”
The words you’ll hear from carriers, doctors’ offices, and pharmacy techs — written like a person would say them.
An extra amount added to your Part B and Part D premiums if your income is above the threshold ($109K single / $218K married in 2026). Calculated from your tax return 2 years prior.
The most you'll pay in a year for in-network services on a Medicare Advantage plan. After you hit it, the plan pays 100% of covered services for the rest of the year.
The old Part D coverage gap, eliminated in 2025. In its place: an annual out-of-pocket cap on covered drugs ($2,000 when introduced in 2025, adjusted each year). Hit the cap and covered prescriptions are $0 the rest of the year.
A private insurance policy that pays the gaps Original Medicare leaves behind (deductibles, copays, coinsurance). Lettered plans (A through N) are standardized — same coverage from any carrier.
The list of prescription drugs a Part D or Medicare Advantage plan covers. Each drug is placed in a tier that determines what you pay. Formularies change every January 1.
Low-Income Subsidy — a federal program that helps pay Part D premiums, deductibles, and copays for people with limited income and resources. Most prescriptions become $4–$11.
October 15 to December 7 each year. The main window when anyone on Medicare can join, drop, or switch Medicare Advantage and Part D plans. Changes take effect January 1.
A window outside the normal enrollment periods triggered by a qualifying life event — moving, losing other coverage, qualifying for Extra Help, your plan leaving the area, etc.
1-to-5 ratings CMS assigns each Medicare Advantage and Part D plan annually based on quality and member experience. Higher stars mean better historical performance.
HMO plans require you to use in-network providers (and usually a referral for specialists). PPO plans let you see out-of-network providers, usually at a higher cost. PPOs cost more but offer more flexibility.
A statement (not a bill) showing what was billed, what the plan paid, what the discount was, and what you may owe. Always check these against actual bills before paying.
The process of determining which insurance pays first when you have more than one (Medicare + employer, Medicare + Tricare, etc.). Wrong COB info is a top cause of incorrect billing.
No pressure. No quotas. I’ll listen, ask a few questions, and if I can help you I’ll tell you how. If I can’t, I’ll tell you that too.
I read every text. Even on Christmas.